Copyright ©1995 by NeXT Computer, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.


6



i386 Addressing Modes and Assembler Instructions




This chapter contains information specific to the Intel i386 processor architecture, which includes the i386, i486, and Pentium processors.  The first section, "i386 Registers and Addressing Modes," lists the registers available and describes the addressing modes used by assembler instructions.  The second section, "i386 Assembler Instructions," lists each assembler instruction with NeXT assembler syntax.

Note:  Don't confuse the i386 architecture with the i386 processor.  NEXTSTEP makes use of instructions specific to the i486 processor, and will not run on an i386 processor.



i386 Registers and Addressing Modes

This section describes the conventions used to specify addressing modes and instruction mnemonics for the Intel i386 processor architecture.  The instructions themselves are detailed in the next section, "i386 Assembler Instructions."




Instruction Mnemonics

The instruction mnemonics that the assembler uses are based on the mnemonics described in the relevant Intel processor manuals.

Note:  Branch instructions are always long (32 bits) for non-local labels on the NeXT i386 architecture machines.  This allows the link editor to do procedure ordering (see the description of the -sectorder option in the ld(1) man page, and the "Link Optimization" paper in the directory /NextLibrary/Documentation/NextDev/Concepts/Performance).




Registers

Many instructions accept registers as operands.  The available registers are listed in this section.  The NeXT assembler for Intel i386 processors always uses names beginning with a percent sign (`%') for registers, so naming conflicts with identifiers aren't possible; further, all register names are in lowercase letters.



General Registers

Each of the 32-bit general registers of the i386 architecture are accessible by different names, which specify parts of that register to be used.  For example, the AX register can be accessed as a single byte (%ah or %al), a 16-bit value (%ax), or a 32-bit value (%eax).  Figure 6-1 shows the names of these registers and their relation to the full 32-bit storage for each register:


Figure 6-1



Floating-Point Registers

%st

%st(0)%st(7)


Segment Registers

%cs code segment register
%ss stack segment register
%ds data segment register
%es data segment register (string operation destination segment)
%fs data segment register
%gs data segment register


Other Registers

%cr0%cr3 control registers
%db0%db7 debug registers
%tr3%tr7 test registers



Operands and Addressing Modes

The i386 architecture uses four kinds of instruction operands:

Register
Immediate
Direct Memory
Indirect Memory

Each type of operand corresponds to an addressing mode.  Register operands specify that the value stored in the named register is to be used by the operator.  Immediate operands are constant values specified in assembler code.  Direct memory operands are the memory location of labels, or the value of a named register treated as an address.  Indirect memory operands are calculated at run time from the contents of registers and optional constant values.



Register Operands

A register operand is given simply as the name of a register.  It can be any of the identifiers beginning with `%' listed above; for example, %eax.  When an operator calls for a register operand of a particular size, the operand is listed as r8, r16, or r32.



Immediate Operands

Immediate operands are specified as numeric values preceded by a dollar sign (`$').  They are decimal by default, but can be marked as  hexadecimal by beginning the number itself with `0x'.  Simple calculations are allowed if grouped in parentheses. Finally, an immediate operand can be given as a label, in which case its value is the address of that label.  Here are some examples:

$100
$0x5fec4
$(10*6)     # calculated by the assembler
$begloop

A reference to an undefined label is allowed, but that reference must be resolved at link time.



Direct Memory Operands

Direct memory operands are references to labels in assembler source.  They act as static references to a single location in memory relative to a specific segment, and are resolved at link time.  Here's an example:

.data
var: .byte 0       # declare a byte-size variable labelled "var"
.text
.
.
.
movb %al,var  # move the low byte of the AX register into the
#  memory location specified by "var"

By default, direct memory operands use the %ds segment register.  This can be overridden by prefixing the operands with the segment register desired and a colon:

movb %es:%al,var  # move the low byte of the AX register into the
#  memory location in the segment given by %es
# and "var"

Note that the segment override applies only to the memory operands in an instruction; "var" is affected, but not %al.  The string instructions, which take two memory operands, use the segment override for both.  A less common way of indicating a segment is to prefix the operator itself:

es/movb %al,%var   # same as above


Indirect Memory Operands

Indirect memory operands are calculated from the contents of registers at run time.  An indirect memory operand can contain a base register, and index register, a scale, and a displacement.  The most general form is:

displacement(base_register,index_register,scale)

displacement is an immediate value.  The base and index registers may be any 32-bit general register names, except that %esp can't be used as an index register.  scale must be 1, 2, 4, or 8; no other values are allowed.  The displacement and scale can be omitted, but at least one register must be specified.  Also, if items from the end are omitted, the preceding commas can also be omitted, but the comma following an omitted item must remain:

10(%eax,%edx)
(%eax)
12(,%ecx,2)
12(,%ecx)

The value of an indirect memory operand is the memory location given by the contents of the register, relative to a segment's base address.  The segment register used is %ss when the base register is %ebp or %esp, and %ds for all other base registers. For example:

movl (%eax),%edx    # default segment register here is %ds

The above assembler instruction moves 32 bits from the address given by %eax into the %edx register.  The address %eax is relative to the %ds segment register.  A different segment register from the default can be specified by prefixing the operand with the segment register name and a colon (`:'):

movl %es:(%eax),%edx

A segment override can also be specified as an operator prefix:

es/movl (%eax),%edx



i386 Assembler Instructions

Note the following points about the information contained in this section:

Name is the name that appears in the upper left corner of a page in the Intel manuals.
Operation Name is the name that appears after the operator name in the Intel manuals.  Processor-specific instructions are marked as they occur.
The form of operands is that used in Intel's i486 Microprocessor Programmer's Reference Manual.
The order of operands is source destination, the opposite of the order in Intel's manuals.



Instructions

Name Operator Operand Operation Name
aaa aaa ASCII Adjust after Addition
aad aad ASCII Adjust AX before
Division


aam aam ASCII Adjust AX after
Division


aas aas ASCII Adjust AL after
Subtraction


adc adc $imm8,r/m8 Add with Carry
adc $imm16,r/m16
adc $imm32,r/m32
adc $imm8,r/m16
adc $imm8,r/m32
adc r8,r/m8
adc r16,r/m16
adc r32,r/m32
adc r/m8,r8
adc r/m16,r16
adc r/m32,r32
add add $imm8,r/m8 Add
add $imm16,r/m16
add $imm32,r/m32
add $imm8,r/m16
add $imm8,r/m32
add r8,r/m8
add r16,r/m16
add r32,r/m32
add r/m8,r8
add r/m16,r16
add r/m32,r32
and and $imm8,r/m8 Logical AND
and $imm16,r/m16
and $imm32,r/m32
and $imm8,r/m16
and $imm8,r/m32
and r8,r/m8
and r16,r/m16
and r32,r/m32
and r/m8,r8
and r/m16,r16
and r/m32,r32
arpl arpl r16,r/m16 Adjust RPL Field of Selector
bound bound m16&16,r16 Check Array Index Against
bound m32&32,r32 Bounds
bsf bsf r/m16,r16 Bit Scan Forward
bsf r/m32,r16
bsr bsr r/m16,r16 Bit Scan Reverse
bsr r/m32,r16
bswap bswap r32 Byte Swap (i486-specific)
bt bt r16,r/m16 Bit Test
bt r32,r/m32
bt $imm8,r/m16
bt $imm8,r/m32
btc btc r16,r/m16 Bit Test and Complement
btc r32,r/m32
btc $imm8,r/m16
btc $imm8,r/m32
btr btr r16,r/m16 Bit Test and Reset
btr r32,r/m32
btr $imm8,r/m16
btr $imm8,r/m32
bts bts r16,r/m16 Bit Test and Set
bts r32,r/m32
bts $imm8,r/m16
bts $imm8,r/m32
call call rel16 Call Procedure
call r/m16
call ptr16:16
call m16:16
call rel32
call r/m32
lcall $imm16,$imm32
lcall m16
lcall m32
cbw/cwde cbw Convert Byte to Word/
cwde Convert Word to Doubleword
clc clc Clear Carry Flag
cld cld Clear Direction Flag
cli cli Clear Interrupt Flag
clts clts Clear Task-Switched Flag in
CR0


cmc cmc Complement Carry Flag


cmp cmp $imm8,r/m8 Compare Two Operands
cmp $imm16,r/m16
cmp $imm32,r/m32
cmp $imm8,r/m16
cmp $imm8,r/m32
cmp r8,r/m8
cmp r16,r/m16
cmp r32,r/m32
cmp r/m8,r8
cmp r/m16,r16
cmp r/m32,r32


cmps/cmpsb/cmpsw/cmpsd Compare String Operands
cmps m8,m8
cmps m16,m16
cmps m32,m32
cmpsb

cmpsw

cmpsd



(optional forms with segment override)

cmpsb %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)
cmpsw %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)
cmpsd %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)


cmpxchg cmpxchg r8,r/m8 Compare and Exchange
cmpxchg r16,r/m16 (i486-specific)
cmpxchg r32,r/m32
cmpxchg8b cmpxchg8b m32 Compare and Exchange 8 Bytes

(Pentium-specific)


cpuid cpuid CPU Identification

(Pentium-specific)


cwd/cdq cwd Convert Word to Doubleword/
cdq Convert Doubleword to
Quadword


daa daa Decimal Adjust AL after
Addition


das das Decimal Adjust AL after
Subtraction


dec dec r/m8 Decrement by 1
dec r/m16
dec r/m32
dec r16
dec r32
div div r/m8,%al Unsigned Divide
div r/m16,%ax
div r/m32,%eax
enter enter $imm16,$imm8 Make Stack Frame for Procedure
Parameters


f2xm1 f2xm1 Computer 2x1
fabs fabs Absolute Value


fadd/faddp/fiadd Add
fadd m32real
fadd m64real
fadd ST(i),ST
fadd ST,ST(i)
faddp ST,ST(i)
fadd
fiadd m32int
fiadd m16int


fbld fbld m80dec Load Binary Coded Decimal
fbstp fbstp m80dec Store Binary Coded Decimal and
Pop


fchs fchs Change Sign
fclex/fnclex Clear Exceptions
fclex

fnclex



fcom/fcomp/fcompp Compare Real

fcom m32real
fcom m64real
fcom ST(i)
fcom
fcomp m32real
fcomp m64real
fcomp ST(i)
fcomp

fcompp


fcos fcos Cosine
fdecstp fdecstp Decrement Stack-Top Pointer


fdiv/fdivp/fidiv Divide
fdiv m32real
fdiv m64real
fdiv ST(i),ST
fdiv ST,ST(i)
fdivp ST,ST(i)
fdiv
fidiv m32int
fidiv m16int


fdivr/fdivpr/fidivr Reverse Divide
fdivr m32real
fdivr m64real
fdivr ST(i),ST
fdivr ST,ST(i)
fdivrp ST,ST(i)
fdivr
fidivr m32int
fidivr m16int


ffree ffree ST(i) Free Floating-Point Register


ficom/ficomp Compare Integer
ficom m16real
ficom m32real
ficomp m16int
ficomp m32int


fild filds m16int Load Integer
fildl m32int
fildq m64int
fincstp fincstp Increment Stack-Top Pointer
finit/fninit finit Initialize Floating-Point Unit
fninit


fist/fistp fists m16int Store Integer
fistl m32int
fistps m16int
fistpl m32int
fistpq m64int
fld flds m32real Load Real
fldl m64real
fldt m80real
fld ST(i)


fld1/fldl2t/fldl2e/fldpi/fldlg2/gldln2/fldz   Load Constant

fld1

fld2t

fld2e

fldpi

fldlg2

fldln2

fldz


fldcw fldcw m2byte Load Control Word
fldenv fldenv m14/28byte Load FPU Environment


fmul/fmulp/fimul Multiply
fmul m32real
fmul m64real
fmul ST(i),ST
fmul ST(i),ST
fmulp ST,ST(i)
fmul
fimul m32int
fimul m16int


fnop fnop No Operation
fpatan fpatan Partial Arctangent
fprem fprem Partial Remainder
fprem1 fprem1 Partial Remainder
fptan fptan Partial Tangent
frndint frndint Round to Integer


frstor frstor m94/108byte Restore FPU State
fsave/fnsave Store FPU State
fsave m94/108byte
fnsave m94/108byte
fscale fscale Scale
fsin fsin Sine
fsincos fsincos Sine and Cosine
fsqrt fsqrt Square Root
fst/fstp fst m32real Store Real
fst m64real
fst ST(i)
fstp m32real
fstp m64real
fstp m80real
fstp ST(i)


fstcw/fnstcw Store Control Word
fstcw m2byte
fnstcw m2byte


fstenv/fnstenv Store FPU Environment
fstenv m14/28byte
fnstenv m14/28byte


fstsw/fnstsw Store Status Word
fstsw m2byte
fstsw %ax
fnstsw m2byte
fnstsw %ax


fsub/fsubp/fisub Subtract
fsub m32real
fsub m64real
fsub ST(i),ST
fsub ST,ST(i)
fsubp ST,ST(i)
fsub
fisub m32int
fisub m16int


fsubr/fsubpr/fisubr Reverse Subtract
fsubr m32real
fsubr m64real
fsubr ST(i),ST
fsubr ST,ST(i)
fsubpr ST,ST(i)
fsubr
fisubr m32int
fisubr m16int


ftst ftst Test


fucom/fucomp/fucompp Unordered Compare Real
fucom ST(i)
fucom
fucomp ST(i)
fucomp

fucompp


fwait fwait Wait
fxam fxam Examine


fxch fxch ST(i) Exchange Register Contents
fxch


fxtract fxtract Extract Exponent and
Significand


fyl2x fyl2x Compute y log2x
fyl2xp1 fyl2xp1 Compute y log2(x+1)
hlt hlt Halt


idiv idiv r/m8 Signed Divide
idiv r/m16,%ax
idiv r/m32,%eax
imul imul r/m8 Signed Multiply
imul r/m16
imul r/m32
imul r/m16,r16
imul r/m32,r32
imul $imm8,r/m16,r16
imul $imm8,r/m32,r32
imul $imm8,r16
imul $imm8,r32
imul $imm16,r/m16,r16
imul $imm32,r/m32,r32
imul $imm16,r16
imul $imm32,r32
in in $imm8,%al Input from Port
in $imm8,%ax
in $imm8,%eax
in %dx,%al
in %dx,%ax
in %dx,%eax
inc inc r/m8 Increment by 1
inc r/m16
inc r/m32
inc r16
inc r32


ins/insb/insw/insd Input from Port to String

ins

insb

insw

insd


int/into int 3 Call to Interrupt Procedure
int $imm8
into


invd invd Invalidate Cache (i486-specific)


invlpg invlpg m Invalidate TLB Entry
(i486-specific)


iret/iretd iret Interrupt Return
iretd


jcc Jump if Condition is Met
ja rel8 short if above
jae rel8 short if above or equal
jb rel8 short if below
jbe rel8 short if below or equal
jc rel8 short if carry
jcxz rel8 short if %cx register is 0
jecxz rel8 short if %ecx register is 0
je rel8 short if equal
jz rel8 short if 0
jg rel8 short if greater
jge rel8 short if greater or equal
jl rel8 short if less
jle rel8 short if less or equal
jna rel8 short if not above
jnae rel8 short if not above or equal
jnb rel8 short if not below
jnbe rel8 short if not below or equal
jnc rel8 short if not carry
jne rel8 short if not equal
jng rel8 short if not greater
jnge rel8 short if not greater or equal
jnl rel8 short if not less
jnle rel8 short if not less or equal
jno rel8 short if not overflow
jnp rel8 short if not parity
jns rel8 short if not sign
jnz rel8 short if not 0
jo rel8 short if overflow
jp rel8 short if parity
jpe rel8 short if parity even
jpo rel8 short if parity odd
js rel8 short if sign
jz rel8 short if zero
ja rel16/32 near if above
jae rel16/32 near if above or equal
jb rel16/32 near if below
jbe rel16/32 near if below or equal
jc rel16/32 near if carry
je rel16/32 near if equal
jz rel16/32 near if 0
jg rel16/32 near if greater
jge rel16/32 near if greater or equal
jl rel16/32 near if less
jle rel16/32 near if less or equal
jna rel16/32 near if not above
jnae rel16/32 near if not above or equal
jnb rel16/32 near if not below
jnbe rel16/32 near if not below or equal
jnc rel16/32 near if not carry
jne rel16/32 near if not equal
jng rel16/32 near if not greater
jnge rel16/32 near if not greater or less
jnl rel16/32 near if not less
jnle rel16/32 near if not less or equal
jno rel16/32 near if not overflow
jnp rel16/32 near if not parity
jns rel16/32 near if not sign
jnz rel16/32 near if not 0
jo rel16/32 near if overflow
jp rel16/32 near if parity
jpe rel16/32 near if parity even
jpo rel16/32 near if parity odd
js rel16/32 near if sign
jz rel16/32 near if 0


jmp jmp rel8 Jump
jmp rel16
jmp r/m16
jmp rel32
jmp r/m32
ljmp $imm16,$imm32
ljmp m16
ljmp m32
lahf lahf Load Flags into AH Register
lar lar r/m16,r16 Load Access Rights Byte
lar r/m32,r32
lea lea m,r16 Load Effective Address
lea m,r32
leave leave High Level Procedure Exit
lgdt/lidt lgdt m16&32 Load Global/Interrupt
lidt m16&32 Descriptor Table Register


lgs/lss/lds/les/lfs Load Full Pointer
lgs m16:16,r16
lgs m16:32,r32
lss m16:16,r16
lss m16:32,r32
lds m16:16,r16
lds m16:32,r32
les m16:16,r16
les m16:32,r32
lfs m16:16,r16
lfs m16:32,r32


lldt lldt r/m16 Load Local Descriptor Table
Register


lmsw lmsw r/m16 Load Machine Status Word
lock lock Assert LOCK# Signal Prefix


lods/lodsb/lodsw/lodsd Load String Operand
lods m8
lods m16
lods m32
lodsb

lodsw

lodsd



(optional forms with segment override)

lodsb %seg:0(%esi),%al
lodsw %seg:0(%esi),%al
lodsd %seg:0(%esi),%al


loop/loopcond Loop Control with CX Counter
loop rel8
loope rel8
loopz rel8
loopne rel8
loopnz rel8


lsl lsl r/m16,r16 Load Segment Limit
lsl r/m32,r32
ltr ltr r/m16 Load Task Register
mov mov r8,r/m8 Move Data
mov r16,r/m16
mov r32,r/m32
mov r/m8,r8
mov r/m16,r16
mov r/m16,r16
mov Sreg,r/m16
mov r/m16,Sreg
mov moffs8,%al
mov moffs8,%ax
mov moffs8,%eax
mov %al,moffs8
mov %ax,moffs16
mov %eax,moffs32
mov $imm8,reg8
mov $imm16,reg16
mov $imm32,reg32
mov $imm8,r/m8
mov $imm16,r/m16
mov $imm32,r/m32
mov mov r32,%cr0 Move to/from Special Registers
mov %cr0/%cr2/%cr3,r32
mov %cr2/%cr3,r32
mov %dr03,r32
mov %dr6/%dr7,r32
mov r32,%dr03
mov r32,%dr6/%dr7
mov %tr4/%tr5/%tr6/%tr7,r32
mov r32,%tr4/%tr5/%tr6/%tr7
mov %tr3,r32
mov r32,%tr3


movs/movsb/movsw/movsd Move Data from String to String
movs m8,m8
movs m16,m16
movs m32,m32
movsb

movsw

movsd



(optional forms with segment override)

movsb %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)
movsw %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)
movsd %seg:0(%esi),%es:0(%edi)


movsx movsx r/m8,r16 Move with Sign-Extend
movsx r/m8,r32
movsx r/m16,r32
movzx movzx r/m8,r16 Move with Zero-Extend
movzx r/m8,r32
movzx r/m16,r32
mul mul r/m8,%al Unsigned Multiplication of AL
mul r/m16,%ax or AX
mul r/m32,%eax
neg neg r/m8 Two's Complement Negation
neg r/m16
neg r/m32
nop nop No Operation
not not r/m8 One's Complement Negation
not r/m16
not r/m32
or or $imm8,r/m8 Logical Inclusive OR
or $imm16,r/m16
or $imm32,r/m32
or $imm8,r/m16
or $imm8,r/m32
or r8,r/m8
or r16,r/m16
or r32,r/m32
or r/m8,r8
or r/m16,r16
or r/m32,r32
out out %al,$imm8 Output to Port
out %ax,$imm8
out %eax,$imm8
out %al,%dx
out %ax,%dx
out %eax,%dx


outs/outsb/outsw/outsd Output String to Port
outs r/m8,%dx
outs r/m16,%dx
outs r/m32,%dx
outsb

outsw

outsd


pop pop m16 Pop a Word from the Stack
pop m32
pop r16
pop r32
pop %ds
pop %es
pop %ss
pop %fs
pop %gs
popa/popad Pop all General Registers
popa

popad


popf/popfd popf Pop Stack into FLAGS or
popfd EFLAGS Register


push push m16 Push Operand onto the Stack
push m32
push r16
push r32
push $imm8
push $imm16
push $imm32
push Sreg


pusha/pushad Push all General Registers

pusha

pushad


pushf/pushfd Push Flags Register onto the
pushf Stack
pushfd



rcl/rcr/rol/ror Rotate

rcl 1,r/m8
rcl %cl,r/m8
rcl $imm8,r/m8
rcl 1,r/m16
rcl %cl,r/m16
rcl $imm8,r/m16
rcl 1,r/m32
rcl %cl,r/m32
rcl $imm8,r/m32
rcr 1,r/m8
rcr %cl,r/m8
rcr $imm8,r/m8
rcr 1,r/m16
rcr %cl,r/m16
rcr $imm8,r/m16
rcr 1,r/m32
rcr %cl,r/m32
rcr $imm8,r/m32
rol 1,r/m8
rol %cl,r/m8
rol $imm8,r/m8
rol 1,r/m16
rol %cl,r/m16
rol $imm8,r/m16
rol 1,r/m32
rol %cl,r/m32
rol $imm8,r/m32
ror 1,r/m8
ror %cl,r/m8
ror $imm8,r/m8
ror 1,r/m16
ror %cl,r/m16
ror $imm8,r/m16
ror 1,r/m32
ror %cl,r/m32
ror $imm8,r/m32


rdmsr rdmsr Read from Model-Specific
Register (Pentium-specific)


rdstc rdstc Read from Time Stamp Counter
(Pentium-specific)



rep/repe/repz/repne/repnz Repeat Following String

rep ins %dx,rm8 Operation
rep ins %dx,rm16
rep ins %dx,rm32
rep movs m8,m8
rep movs m16,m16
rep movs m32,m32
rep outs rm8,%dx
rep outs rm16,%dx
rep outs rm32,%dx
rep lods m8
rep lods m16
rep lods m32
rep stos m8
rep stos m16
rep stos m32
repe cmps m8,m8
repe cmps m16,m16
repe cmps m32,m32
repe scas m8
repe scas m16
repe scas m32
repne cmps m8,m8
repne cmps m16,m16
repne cmps m32,m32
repne scas m8
repne scas m16
repne scas m32


ret ret Return from Procedure
ret $imm16


rsm rsm Resume from System-
Management Mode

(Pentium-specific)


sahf sahf Store AH into Flags


sal/sar/shl/shr Shift Instructions
sal 1,r/m8
sal %cl,r/m8
sal $imm8,r/m8
sal 1,r/m16
sal %cl,r/m16
sal $imm8,r/m16
sal 1,r/m32
sal %cl,r/m32
sal $imm8,r/m32
sar 1,r/m8
sar %cl,r/m8
sar $imm8,r/m8
sar 1,r/m16
sar %cl,r/m16
sar $imm8,r/m16
sar 1,r/m32
sar %cl,r/m32
sar $imm8,r/m32
shl 1,r/m8
shl %cl,r/m8
shl $imm8,r/m8
shl 1,r/m16
shl %cl,r/m16
shl $imm8,r/m16
shl 1,r/m32
shl %cl,r/m32
shl $imm8,r/m32
shr 1,r/m8
shr %cl,r/m8
shr $imm8,r/m8
shr 1,r/m16
shr %cl,r/m16
shr $imm8,r/m16
shr 1,r/m32
shr %cl,r/m32
shr $imm8,r/m32


sbb sbb $imm8,r/m8 Integer Subtraction with Borrow
sbb $imm16,r/m16
sbb $imm32,r/m32
sbb $imm8,r/m16
sbb $imm8,r/m32
sbb r8,r/m8
sbb r16,r/m16
sbb r32,r/m32
sbb r/m8,r8
sbb r/m16,r16
sbb r/m32,r32


scas/scasb/scasw/scasd Compare String Data
scas m8
scas m16
scas m32
scasb

scasw

scasd



(optional forms with segment override)

scasb %al,%seg:0(%edi)
scasw %ax,%seg:0(%edi)
scasd %eax,%seg:0(%edi)


setcc Byte Set on Condition
seta r/m8 above
setae r/m8 above or equal
setb r/m8 below
setbe r/m8 below or equal
setc r/m8 carry
sete r/m8 equal
setg r/m8 greater
setge r/m8 greater or equal
setl r/m8 less
setle r/m8 less or equal
setna r/m8 not above
setnae r/m8 not abover or equal
setnb r/m8 not below
setnbe r/m8 not below or equal
setnc r/m8 not carry
setne r/m8 not equal
setng r/m8 not greater
setnge r/m8 not greater or equal
setnl r/m8 not less
setnle r/m8 not less or equal
setno r/m8 not overflow
setnp r/m8 not parity
setns r/m8 not sign
setnz r/m8 not zero
seto r/m8 overflow
setp r/m8 parity
setpe r/m8 parity even
setpo r/m8 parity odd
sets r/m8 sign
setz r/m8 zero


sgdt/sidt sgdt m Store Global/Interrupt
sidt m Descriptor Table Register
shld shld $imm8,r16,r/m16 Double Precision Shift Left
shld $imm8,r32,r/m32
shld %cl,r16,r/m16
shld %cl,r32,r/m32
shrd shrd $imm8,r16,r/m16 Double Precision Shift Right
shrd $imm8,r32,r/m32
shrd %cl,r16,r/m16
shrd %cl,r32,r/m32
sldt sldt r/m16 Store Local Descriptor Table
Register


smsw smsw r/m16 Store Machine Status Word
stc stc Set Carry Flag
std std Set Direction Flag
sti sti Set Interrupt Flag


stos/stosb/stosw/stosd Store String Data
stos m8
stos m16
stos m32
stosb

stosw

stosd



(optional forms with segment override)

stosb %al,%seg:0(%edi)
stosw %ax,%seg:0(%edi)
stosd %eax,%seg:0(%edi)


str str r/m16 Store Task Register
sub sub $imm8,r/m8 Integer Subtraction
sub $imm16,r/m16
sub $imm32,r/m32
sub $imm8,r/m16
sub $imm8,r/m32
sub r8,r/m8
sub r16,r/m16
sub r32,r/m32
sub r/m8,r8
sub r/m16,r16
sub r/m32,r32
test test $imm8,r/m8 Logical Compare
test $imm16,r/m16
test $imm32,r/m32
test r8,r/m8
test r16,r/m16
test r32,r/m32
verr, verw verr r/m16 Verify a Segment for Reading or
verw r/m16 Writing
wait wait Wait
wbinvd wbinvd Write-Back and Invalidate
Cache (i486-specific)


wrmsr wrmsr Write to Model-Specific
Register (Pentium-specific)


xadd xadd r8,r/m8 Exchange and Add
xadd r16,r/m16 (i486-specific)
xadd r32,r/m32
xchg xchg r16,%ax Exchange Register/Memory
xchg %ax,r16 with Register
xchg %eax,r32
xchg r32,%eax
xchg r8,r/m8
xchg r/m8,r8
xchg r16,r/m16
xchg r/m16,r16
xchg r32,r/m32
xchg r/m32,r32
xlat/xlatb xlat m8 Table Look-up Translation
xlatb


xor xor $imm8,r/m8 Logical Exclusive OR
xor $imm16,r/m16
xor $imm32,r/m32
xor $imm8,r/m16
xor $imm8,r/m32
xor r8,r/m8
xor r16,r/m16
xor r32,r/m32
xor r/m8,r8
xor r/m16,r16
xor r/m32,r32